Chemistry Abbreviations Starting with the Letter A

Chemistry abbreviations and acronyms are common in all fields of science. This collection offers common abbreviations and acronyms beginning with the letter A used in chemistry and chemical engineering. Chemistry Abbreviations: A A: AtomAA: Acetic AcidAA: Amino AcidAA: Atomic Absorption spectroscopyAACC: American Association for Clinical ChemistryAADC: Amino Acid DeCarboxylaseAADC: Aromatic L-Amino acid DeCarboxylaseAAS: Atomic Absorption SpectroscopyAB: Acid-BaseAB: Acid BathABC: Atomic, Biological, ChemicalABCC: Advanced Biomedical Computing CenterABCC: American Board of Clinical ChemistryABS: Acrylonitrile Butadiene StyreneABS: AbsorbABV: Alcohol By VolumeABW: Alcohol By WeightAc: ActiniumAC: Aromatic CarbonACC: American Chemical CouncilACE: AcetateACS: American Chemical SocietyADP: Adenosine DiPhosphateAE: Activation EnergyAE: Atomic EmissionAE: Acid EquivalentAFS: Atomic Fluorescence SpectroscopyAg: SilverAH: Aryl HydrocarbonAHA: Alpha Hydroxy AcidAl: AluminumALDH: ALdehyde DeHydrogenaseAm: AmericiumAM: Atomic MassAMP: Adenosine MonoPhosphateAMU: Atomic Mass UnitAN: Ammonium NitrateANSI: American National Standards InstituteAO: Aqueous OxygenAO: Aldehyde OxidaseAPI: Aromatic PolyImideAR: Analytical Reage ntAr: ArgonAs: ArsenicAS: Ammonium SulfateASA: AcetylSalicylic AcidASP: ASParateAT: Adenine and ThymineAT: Alkaline TransitionAt: AstatineAT NO: Atomic NumberATP: Adenosine TriPhosphateATP: Ambient Temperature PressureAu: GoldAW: Atomic Weight

Vaccines Are The Safest And Most Effective Way Children

For many years, vaccines have been implemented in the healthcare of Canadian infants and children. They are the best and safest way to prevent against many deadly illnesses that can be contracted in a person’s lifetime, such as measles, rubella, and polio. It has been the standard practice of many health care professionals, however many people are choosing to not have their children vaccinated. The anti-vaccine movement has caused many mothers and fathers to not have their children complete their recommended vaccinations. Many are given false information regarding immunization, therefore as pediatric nurses, it is essential to perform health teaching with parents to provide them with the proper information regarding vaccines. As nurses, we need to be sure families made aware that vaccines are the safest and most effective way children can be protected from a variety of deadly illness, remove any barriers families may face with getting their vaccines, and help families feel les s anxious when having their infant immunized. There are many factors contributing to the reasons why parents refuse to have their children vaccinated. In some instances, families can face barriers that prevent them from accessing the essential immunizations they need. Niederhauser uses a tool to determine reasons why families are not able to access their vaccinations called SHOTS. Neiderhauser explains that, â€Å"examples of facilitating conditions for parents trying to obtain shots for their child includeShow MoreRelatedMandatory Vaccinations1223 Words   |  5 Pagesrole in children’s lives. They are safe and effective, they protect others we care about, and will protect our future generations. Throughout the years there have been thousands and thousands of children’s lives lost due to outbreaks of diseases such as polio and the measles causing many deaths among young children. Vaccinations that have become effective over the years, limiting these diseases if not getting rid of them period are the most effecti ve way to get rid of these diseases. However, thereRead MoreVaccines And Its Effects On The Most Deadly Disease956 Words   |  4 PagesThe smallest of bacterial specks can transform into the most deadly disease. A single, tiny flea on a rat can bite that rat, feed on its blood, then hop off and go on its way. The rat then leaves its droppings and dander onto human food. When children consume their unsanitary food, they can contract the disease that was transmitted by the flea onto the rat and into their food. Although the process is not particularly appetizing, it is how salmonella spreads. Around 42,000 cases of salmonellosisRead MoreVaccination For Children And Immune Compromised Adults1365 Words   |  6 PagesVaccines are made up of a weakened version of the bacteria or virus, or dead forms of the organism, or in other cases, an inactivated toxin that is produced by the bacteria. Upon the introduction of vaccine into the body, the immune system is manipulated into thinking t hat the body is under attack and produces specific antibodies as a defense mechanism. These antibodies stay in the bloodstream, protecting the body against actual infections for months, years or even a lifetime. Why are vaccines importantRead MoreChildhood Immunization Against 16 Pathogens1170 Words   |  5 Pagesname is Jeannette Carlin, a mother and ACE nursing student at Drexel University. I appreciate the opportunity to state my support for vaccinations in infants, children and teens. Vaccinations is one of the best ways parents can protect their children from 16 potentially harmful diseases. Some of these diseases are not only harmful to children but they highly contagious and can also be deadly. Furthermore, immunizations do a great job of preventing epidemics of these dangerous diseases spreading toRead MoreShould Children Be Vaccinated?1599 Words   |  7 Pagesbe one of the greatest health developments in the 20th century. A vaccine is defined as â€Å"a substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide immunity against one or several diseases, prepared from the causative agent of a disease, its products, or a synthetic substitute, treated to act as an antigen without inducing the disease.† Hundred of thousands of lives have been saved in the last twenty years due to vaccines. Although no federal law exists, all fifty states require studentsRead MoreVaccination Of Vaccination For Childhood Diseases869 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the safest and most effective health tools available for preventing disease and mortality in ourselves and our community are immunizations. Before vaccinations, many children died from vaccine preventable diseases, such as whooping cough and polio. However, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that there has been a resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases recently, like the 1979 pertussis epidemic in Japan when prior to the pandemic in 1974 had an 80% child vaccinationRead MorePros And Cons Of Vaccines1478 Words   |  6 PagesNatalie Cardenas Nicholas Morris English 121 10/03/2017 Should vaccines be mandated? Vaccines have become an important innovation to health throughout the years. A vaccine is a product that produces immunity from a disease and can be given by the nose or the mouth. The word â€Å"vaccines† comes from a disease that occurred ages ago named cowpox that affected cows. The word vaccine is derived from the latin word â€Å"vacca† meaning cow.   Vaccines cause immunization, a process by which a person becomes protectedRead MoreVaccination Of Vaccinations Should Be Mandatory1403 Words   |  6 Pages Vaccines Should be Mandatory in Order to Attend School Standard Number 6.4.B Jessica Crowe James H. Groves CEA3 ARGUMENT PAPER Jessica Crowe James H. Groves 30 June 2017 Vaccines Should be Mandatory in order to Attend School Standard Number: 6.4.B Protecting a child’s health is very important to parents! That is why they should vaccinate them as young children. All children should be required to have vaccinations in order to start school in every state. Each year about 85% ofRead MorePros and Cons to Vaccination in Children1750 Words   |  7 PagesJennifer Krahenbuhl English 102 Patricia McKeown September 1st 2014 Pros and Cons to Vaccinations in Children Almost everyone has heard of the benefits and dangers of childhood vaccines. Parents are especially eager to do what is best for their child to protect him or her. Some people have different opinions on what the best specifically entails when it comes to childhood vaccines. Vaccinations are a controversial discussion as parents question whether it should be mandatory or optional whenRead MoreWhy Parents Do Not Vaccinate Their Children2085 Words   |  9 Pagesdeaths among children in the United States between 1994 and 2013 (CDC, 2014). Due to those prevented hospitalizations and deaths, the CDC has calculated that childhood vaccinations have saved nearly $1.675 trillion in both direct costs and indirect societal costs (CDC, 2014). Although many benefits stem from childhood vaccination, there is still a copious amount of people who do not and will not vaccinate their children which has led to a heated debate over the whether or not vaccines are ultimately

The Lost Duke of Wyndham Chapter Eleven Free Essays

string(104) " could bear it no longer, and he moved to the settee himself, partially covering her with his own body\." What Jack saw took his breath away. â€Å"No one comes here but me,† Grace said softly. â€Å"I don’t know why. We will write a custom essay sample on The Lost Duke of Wyndham Chapter Eleven or any similar topic only for you Order Now † The light, the ripple through the air as the sun slid through the uneven glass of the ancient windows†¦ â€Å"In the winter especially,† she continued, her voice just a little hesitant, â€Å"it’s magic. I can’t explain it. I think the sun dips lower. And with the snow†¦Ã¢â‚¬  It was the light. It had to be. It was the way the light trembled, and fell on her. His heart clenched. Like a fist it hit him – this need, this overwhelming urge†¦He could not speak. He could not even begin to articulate it, but – â€Å"Jack?† she whispered, and it was just enough to break his trance. â€Å"Grace.† It was just one word, but it was a benediction. This went beyond desire, it was need. It was an indefinable, inexplicable, living, pulsing thing within him that could only be tamed by her. If he didn’t hold her, didn’t touch her in that very moment, something within him would die. To a man who tried to treat life as an endless series of ironies and witticisms, nothing could have been more terrifying. He reached out and roughly pulled her to him. He was not delicate, nor was he gentle. He couldn’t be. He couldn’t manage it, not now, not when he needed her so desperately. â€Å"Grace,† he said again, because that’s what she was to him. It was impossible that he’d known her but a day. She was his grace, his Grace, and it was like she had always been there within him, waiting for him to finally open his eyes and find her. His hands cupped her face. She was a priceless treasure, and yet he could not force himself to touch her with the reverence she deserved. Instead, his fingers were clumsy, his body rough and pounding. Her eyes – so clear, so blue – he thought he might drown in them. He wanted to drown in them, to lose himself within her and never leave. His lips touched hers, and then – of this he was certain – he was lost. There was nothing more for him but this woman, in this moment, maybe even for all his moments thereafter. â€Å"Jack,† she sighed. It was the first time all morning she’d used his name, and it sent waves of desire pulsing through his already taut body. â€Å"Grace,† he said in return, because he was afraid to say anything else, afraid that for the first time in his life his glib tongue would fail him, and his words would come out wrong. He’d say something and it would mean too little, or perhaps he’d say something and it would mean too much. And then she would know, if by some miracle she did not already, that she had bewitched him. He kissed her hungrily, passionately, with all the fire within him. His hands slid down her back, memorizing the gentle slope of her spine, and when he reached the more lush curves of her bottom, he could not help it – he pressed her more firmly against him. He was aroused, and wound more tightly than he’d ever imagined possible, and all he could think – if he was thinking at all – was that he needed her close, closer. Whatever he could get, whatever he could have – right now he would take it. â€Å"Grace,† he said again, one of his hands moving to the spot where her dress touched her skin, just at her collarbone. She flinched at his touch, and he stilled, barely able to imagine how he would tear himself away. But her hand covered his, and she whispered, â€Å"I was surprised.† It was only then that he once again breathed. Fingers shaking, he traced the delicately scalloped edge of her bodice. Her pulse seemed to leap beneath his touch, and never in his life had he been so aware of a single sound – the quiet rasp of air, brushing across her lips. â€Å"You are so beautiful,† he whispered, and the amazing thing was that he was not even looking at her face. It was merely her skin, the pale, milky hue of it, the soft blush of pink that followed his fingers. Softly, gently, he bowed his head and brushed his lips along the hollow at the base of her throat. She gasped then, or maybe it was a moan, and her head slowly fell back in silent agreement. Her arms were around him and her hands in his hair, and then, without even considering what it meant, he swept her into his arms and carried her across the room, to the low, wide settee that sat near the window, bathed in the magical sunlight that had seduced them both. For a moment, kneeling at her side, he could do nothing but look at her, then one of his trembling hands reached forth to stroke her cheek. She was staring up at him, and in her eyes there was wonder, and anticipation, and yes, a little nervousness. But there was also trust. She wanted him. Him. No one else. She had never been kissed before, of that he was certain. She could have done. Of that he was even more certain. A woman of Grace’s beauty did not reach her age without having refused (or rebuffed) multiple advances. She had waited. She had waited for him. Still kneeling beside her, he bent to kiss her, his hand moving down the side of her face to her shoulder, then to her hip. His passion grew deeper, and hers, too; she was returning his kiss with an unschooled eagerness that left him breathless with desire. â€Å"Grace, Grace,† he moaned, his voice lost in the warmth of her mouth. His hand found the hem of her dress and then slid under, grasping the slender circle of her ankle. And then up†¦up†¦to her knee. And higher. Until he could bear it no longer, and he moved to the settee himself, partially covering her with his own body. You read "The Lost Duke of Wyndham Chapter Eleven" in category "Essay examples" His lips had moved to her neck, and he felt her sharply indrawn breath on his cheek. But she did not say no. She did not cover his hand with hers and bring him to a stop. She did nothing but whisper his name and arch her hips beneath him. She couldn’t have known what the movement had meant, could never have known what it would do to him, but that ever-so-slight pressure beneath him, rising up against his own desire, brought him to the very peak of need. He kissed his way down her neck, to the gentle swell of her breast, his lips finding the very spot at the edge of her bodice that his fingers had so recently traveled. He lifted himself away from her, just a bit, just enough so he could slide his finger under the hem and slide it down, or maybe push her up – whichever was needed to free her to his devotion. But just when his hand had moved toward his destination, just when he’d had one glorious second to cup the fullness of her, skin to skin, the stiff edge peaking in his palm, she cried out. Softly, with surprise. And dismay. â€Å"No, I can’t.† With jerky movements she scrambled to her feet, righting her dress. Her hands were shaking. More than shaking. They seemed filled with a foreign, nervous energy, and when he looked in her eyes, it was as if a knife had pierced him. It was not revulsion, it was not fear. What he saw was anguish. â€Å"Grace,† he said, moving toward her. â€Å"What is wrong?† â€Å"I’m sorry,† she said, stepping back. â€Å"I – I shouldn’t have. Not now. Not until – † One of her hands flew up to cover her mouth. â€Å"Not until†¦? Grace? Not until what?† â€Å"I’m sorry,† she said again, confirming his belief that those were the worst two words in the English language. She bobbed a quick, perfunctory curtsy. â€Å"I must go.† And then she ran from the room, leaving him quite alone. He stared at the empty doorway for a full minute, trying to figure out just what had happened. And it was only when he finally stepped into the hall that he realized he hadn’t a clue how to get back to his bedchamber. Grace dashed through Belgrave, half walking, half skipping†¦running†¦whatever it was she needed to do to reach her room with the most equal balance of dignity and speed. If the servants saw her – and she couldn’t imagine they didn’t; they seemed positively everywhere this morning – they must have wondered at her distress. The dowager would not expect her. Surely she would think she was still showing Mr. Audley the house. Grace had at least an hour before she might need to show her face. Dear God, what had she done? If she had not finally remembered herself, remembered who he was, and who he might be, she would have let him continue. She’d wanted it. She’d wanted it with a fervor that had shocked her. When he’d taken her hand, when he’d pulled her to him, he awakened something within her. No. It had been awakened two nights earlier. On that moonlit night, standing outside the carriage, something had been born within her. And now†¦ She sat upon her bed, wanting to bury herself in the covers but instead just sitting there, staring at the wall. There was no going back. One couldn’t ever not have been kissed once the deed was done. With a nervous breath, maybe even a frantic laugh, she covered her face with her hands. Could she possibly have chosen anyone less suitable with whom to fall in love? Not that this was the measure of her feelings, she hastened to reassure herself, but she was not so much of a fool that she could not recognize her leanings. If she let herself†¦If she let him†¦ She would fall in love. Good heavens. Either he was a highwayman, and now she was destined to be the consort of an outlaw, or he was the true Duke of Wyndham, which meant – She laughed because really, this was funny. It had to be funny. If it wasn’t funny, then it could only be tragic, and she didn’t think she could manage that just now. Wonderful. Perhaps she was falling in love with the Duke of Wyndham. Now that was appropriate. Let’s see, how many ways was this a disaster? He was her employer, for one, he owned the house in which she lived, and his rank was so far above hers as to be nearly immeasurable. And then there was Amelia. She and Thomas certainly did not suit, but she had every right to expect that she would be the Duchess of Wyndham upon her marriage. Grace could not imagine how crass and overreaching she would appear to the Willoughbys – her good friends – if she were seen to be throwing herself at the new duke. Grace closed her eyes and touched the tips of her fingers to her lips. If she breathed deeply enough she almost relaxed. And she could almost still feel his presence, his touch, the warmth of his skin. It was awful. It was wonderful. She was a fool. She lay down, let out a long, weary breath. Funny how she’d hoped for change, for something to break the monotony of her days attending to the dowager. Life was a mocking sort of thing, wasn’t it? And love†¦ Love was the cruelest joke of all. â€Å"Lady Amelia is here to see you, Miss Eversleigh.† Grace jolted upright, blinking furiously. She must have fallen asleep. She could not recall the last time she had done so at midday. â€Å"Lady Amelia?† she echoed, surprised. â€Å"With Lady Elizabeth?† â€Å"No, miss,† the maid informed her. â€Å"She is alone.† â€Å"How curious.† Grace sat up, flexing her feet and hands to awaken her body. â€Å"Please tell her I shall be right there.† She waited for the maid to depart, then went to her small mirror to straighten her hair. It was worse than she’d feared, although she could not be certain whether it had been mussed in sleep or by Mr. Audley. She felt her skin flush at the memory, and she groaned at that. Gathering her determination, she repinned her hair and left the room, walking as briskly as she could, as if speed and a set of squared shoulders could keep all of her worries at bay. Or at the very least, make her look as if she did not care. It did seem odd that Amelia would come to Belgrave without Elizabeth. Grace did not know that she had ever done so before. Certainly not to see her. Grace wondered if her original intention had been to call upon Thomas, who was, as far as she knew, still out. She hurried down the stairs, then turned to make for the front drawing room. But she’d not taken more than a dozen steps before someone grabbed her arm and yanked her into a side room. â€Å"Thomas!† she exclaimed. It was indeed he, somewhat haggard and sporting a nasty bruise under his left eye. His appearance was a shock; she had never seen him looking so rumpled before. His shirt was wrinkled, his cravat missing, and his hair had most definitely not been styled a la Brutus. Or even a la human. And then there were his eyes, which were most uncharacteristically red-rimmed. â€Å"What happened to you?† He put a finger to his lips and shut the door. â€Å"Were you expecting someone else?† he asked, and her cheeks grew warm. Indeed, when she’d felt a strong male hand close around her arm and pull, she had assumed it was Mr. Audley, trying to steal a kiss. Her flush grew deeper as she realized she had been disappointed to realize that it was not. â€Å"No, of course not,† she said quickly, even though she suspected he knew she was lying. She quickly glanced around the room to see if they were alone. â€Å"What is wrong?† â€Å"I needed to speak with you before you see Lady Amelia.† â€Å"Oh, then you know she is here?† â€Å"I brought her,† he confirmed. Her eyes widened. That was news. He had been out all night and was considerably worse for the wear. She glanced at a nearby clock. It was not yet even noon. When could he have collected Amelia? And where? And why? â€Å"It is a long story,† he said, clearly to cut her off before she could ask any questions. â€Å"But suffice it to say, she will inform you that you were in Stamford this morning, and you invited her back to Belgrave.† Her brows rose. If he was asking her to lie, it was very serious, indeed. â€Å"Thomas, any number of people know quite well that I was not in Stamford this morning.† â€Å"Yes, but her mother is not among that number.† Grace wasn’t sure if she should be shocked or delighted. Had he compromised Amelia? Why else would they need to lie to her mother? â€Å"Er, Thomas†¦Ã¢â‚¬  she began, unsure of how to proceed. â€Å"I feel I must tell you, given the number of delays thus far, I would imagine that Lady Crowland would be delighted to know – â€Å" â€Å"Oh for God’s sake, it is nothing like that,† he muttered. â€Å"Amelia assisted me home when I was† – he blushed then. Blushed! Thomas! – â€Å"impaired.† Grace bit her lip to keep from smiling. It was quite remarkable what a pleasant image that was – Thomas allowing himself to be anything less than perfectly composed. â€Å"That was most charitable of her,† she said, perhaps a little too primly. But really, it couldn’t be helped. He glared at her, which only made it more difficult to maintain an even face. She cleared her throat. â€Å"Have you, er, considered tidying up?† â€Å"No,† he snapped, â€Å"I rather enjoy looking like a slovenly fool.† Grace winced at that. â€Å"Now listen,† he continued, looking terribly determined. â€Å"Amelia will repeat what I have told you, but it is imperative that you not tell her about Mr. Audley.† â€Å"I would never do that,† Grace said quickly. â€Å"It is not my place.† â€Å"Good.† â€Å"But she will want to know why you were, er†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Oh, dear, how to put it politely? â€Å"You don’t know why,† he said firmly. â€Å"Just tell her that. Why would she suspect that you would know more?† â€Å"She knows that I consider you a friend,† Grace said. â€Å"And furthermore, I live here. Servants always know everything. She knows that.† â€Å"You’re not a servant,† he muttered. â€Å"I am and you know it,† she replied, almost amused. â€Å"The only difference is that I am allowed to wear finer clothing and occasionally converse with the guests. But I assure you, I am privy to all of the household gossip.† For several seconds he did nothing but stare, as if waiting for her to laugh and say, Only joking! Finally he muttered something under his breath that she was quite certain she was not meant to understand (and indeed she did not; servants’ gossip was occasionally risque, but it was never profane). â€Å"For me, Grace,† he said, his eyes boring into hers, â€Å"will you please just tell her you don’t know?† It was the closest she had ever heard him come to begging, and it left her disoriented and acutely uncomfortable. â€Å"Of course,† she said quickly. â€Å"You have my word.† He nodded briskly. â€Å"Amelia will be expecting you.† â€Å"Yes. Yes, of course.† Grace hurried to the door, but when her hand touched the knob, she found she was not quite ready to go. She turned around, taking one last look at his face. He was not himself. No one could blame him; it had been a most extraordinary two days. But still, it worried her. â€Å"Will you be all right?† she asked. And immediately regretted that she had done so. His face seemed to move, and twist, and she could not be sure if he was going to laugh or cry. But she did know that she did not want to be witness to either. â€Å"No, don’t answer that,† she mumbled, and she ran from the room. How to cite The Lost Duke of Wyndham Chapter Eleven, Essay examples

Executive Mobile Computing Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Executive Mobile Computing. Answer: Introduction Victoriapool is basically an android application in which it has been developed in order to improvise on the aspect of the transport system of the individuals who are travelling to the Victoria University as well as the university which are nearby the University of the Sydney CBD (Conti and Giordano, 2014). In regards to this application it has been majorly been designed in order to compile on the details of the individuals who have been living in the similar location as well as tracking of the individuals who may not travel with them to the destination which they may desire (UGIC, 2017). The main aspect functionality of this application is mainly to connect individuals who are travelling to the same destination. The main interface which have been incorporated in the development of this application is the HTML, as well as the JavaScript (UWA, 2016). This application uses the element regarded as the carpooling which there is sharing of the expenses between the users hence lowering on the cost of travelling expenses. Status of the document In this strategy document it is the initial one, the changes will need to be made in the future. It purpose is for the consultation purposes. The scope of the strategy This application intends to improvise on the transport system so that it become cheaper for individual to travel to the Victoria University as well as the nearby Universities. The overall aim of the strategy This application intends to solve on the issue of transport system, whereby it would become cheap to travel within the Victoria University and other University within the CBD. Timescale for the strategy The development of making this strategy it would take a period of one year until its full development and all the necessary logistics have been implemented. After that to full address of this strategy it would take three years. Constraints of the strategy Just like any other application it would encounter some constraints especially on the aspect of the network. It would need to be coordinated with the other regional network to enable it to be operational. Development process The individual who is leading on the development of this strategy is the network manager, of my team in which I was assigned. Other individuals involved are the programmer who would code using HTML and the JavaScript. To date the thing undertaken has been the initial outlay of what the application would look it and the provision of the data flow diagram representing the flow of the logic in the application (Bresnahan and Greenstein, 2014). The service users have also been involved in that at the stage of development we consulted on the type of services they offer so that the application will be inclined to their services. Stakeholders analysis The stakeholders have been identified based on the target market. There are two target market for this application; the VU students and the VU Faculties. On the VU students, there are friends of friends, and other universities friends close to the Sydney CBD stakeholders. On the VU faculties there are other university which are close to the Sydney CBD. These individuals are involved in how contributing on some of the issue affecting them and how they could be addressed through the use of the application (UGIC, 2017). Each of the good has perceived that the application will help them through increase of the social community, reduction of travel cost and improves on the stress on driving for the long distance. References Bresnahan, T. and Greenstein, S., 2014. Mobile computing: The next platform rivalry. The American Economic Review, 104(5), pp.475-480. Conti, M. and Giordano, S., 2014. Mobile ad hoc networking: milestones, challenges, and new research directions. IEEE Communications Magazine, 52(1), pp.85-96. UGIC, 2017. UGIC Uath Geographic Information Council. [Online] Available at: https://ugic.org/conference/carpool-to-ugic-2017-in-park-city/[Accessed 13 august 2017]. UWA, 2016. The University Of Western Australia. [Online] Available at: https://www.transport.uwa.edu.au [Accessed 16 august 2017].